Different Methods of Fabric Tensile Strength Test
Md. Rubel Miah
Department of Textile Engineering
World University of Bangladesh
Email: rubel099@gmail.com
Fabric Tensile Strength Test
Fabric tensile strength can be tested using universal tensile strength testing equipment with suitable sample mounting jaws. There are different methods of tensile testing of fabric, which are as follows:
- Strip Test (British Standard)
- Grab Test (US standard)
A. Strip Test:
Strip test are two types.
- Cut strip test and
- Ravelled strip test.
1. Cut strip test: The cut strip procedure is applicable to heavily filled fabrics, woven fabrics that cannot be readily ravelled, felted fabrics and nonwoven fabrics. This procedure is not recommended for fabrics which cannot be ravelled as yarns as the edges tend to unravel during testing.
2. Ravelled strip test: The ravelled strip procedure is applicable for the determination of the force required to break a specific width of fabric. The ravelled strip test is applicable to woven fabrics, whereas the cut strip test is applicable to non-woven fabrics and dipped or coated fabrics.
Sample Preparation of Strip Test:
- 5 samples for warp direction
- 5 samples for weft direction
- First taken a sample of (60mmx300) mm and then frayed down to (50mmx300) mm
Test Procedure:
- Sample is clamped in the jaws.
- CRE 500mm per minute loading.
- Gauge length 200mm.
- After completion of test the result will be shown in the control unit; note this reading.
- Repeat the test for all other warp and weft way specimens. Find the average and the results are expressed separately for warp and weft ways.
Test Result:
- Mean breaking force
- Mean elongation at break
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B. Grab Test:
This method is used to determine the effective breaking strength and elongation of woven, non-woven and felted fabrics using the principle of constant rate of extension. This test method is not recommended for glass fabrics, knitted fabrics and other textile fabrics having more than 11% elongation. There are two types of test methods to identify the grab strength. They are
- Grab test
- Modified grab test
These two testing methods are alike, but smaller changes are required in sample preparation.
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Test Apparatus: Universal tensile strength tester
Figure:
Sampling:
- Sample size: 100x1500mm
- Jaw width – 25mm
- Gauge length- 75mm
Test procedure:
- Sample is clamped between the jaw.
- Set the parameter for corresponding test in the instrument.
- Speed is adjusted so then the sample is broken in 20±3 seconds.
- Repeat the test for all other warp and weft way specimens. Find the average and the results are expressed separately for warp and weft ways.
Test Results:
- Mean breaking force.
- Mean elongation at break.
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Founder & Editor of Textile Learner. He is a Textile Consultant, Blogger & Entrepreneur. Mr. Kiron is working as a textile consultant in several local and international companies. He is also a contributor of Wikipedia.
