Different Types of Textile Chemical Testing Procedure

Last Updated on 04/02/2021

Textile Chemical Testing
Chemical testing is basically the test of the textile samples either using chemicals or for their chemical properties, and very often both. Sometimes, a Bunsen burner (oxidation reaction) is sufficient to conduct the fiber identification, while the dye analysis may need to use an HPLC (adsorption and desorption processes). It is also very important that the professionals involved in the chemical testing have fundamental knowledge of fibers, dyes, auxiliaries and finishing agents as well as the basic understanding of yarns, fabrics, and their formations. With the right lab facilities and well trained personnel, fabric chemical testing can be performed successfully. The chemical testing of textile materials has continued to receive special attention from producers, manufacturers, governmental agencies, domestic and industrial consumers.

The textile industry is a chemicals based industry. There are different types of chemicals needed in the process of different types of textile processing steps. So chemicals play a vital role in textile industry specially wet processing factory. Major chemicals which widely used in wet processing, their testing are given below.

Different Types of Textile Chemical Testing Procedures

ACETIC ACID (CH₃COOH) TESTING PROCESS

Recipe:

• Caustic soda (NaOH)………………………. 4.0% solution
• Phenolphthalein (C20H14O4) ……………0.1% solution
• Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) ………………..6.0 gm + 94ml Water

Testing Procedure:

1. Acetic acid (10ml) and Phenolphthalein- As Indicator (3 drops) are taken in a glass flask.
2. Caustic Soda is kept pouring from burette into the flask drop by drop until the solution color turns into pink.
3. Burette reading is taken.

Calculation:
Burette reading x 10= Purity %

CAUSTIC SODA (NaOH) TESTING PROCESS

Recipe:

• Hydrochloric acid (HCl) …………………3.75 gm+ 100ml water = 0.45N HCl
• Phenolphthalein (C20H14O4) …………0.1% solution
• Caustic soda (NaOH) ……………………2.0% solution
• Water …………………………………………49.0 ml

Testing Procedure:

1. Caustic soda (1.0 ml) and Phenolphthalein- As Indicator (1 drop) are taken in a glass flask.
2. Water (49.0 ml) added to the solution.
3. Hydrochloric Acid is kept pouring from burette into the flask drop by drop until the solution color turns into pink.
4. Burette reading is taken.

Calculation:
(Burette Reading x 0.45N x 0.04 x 100) / NaOH Weight = %Purity

FORMIC ACID (CH₃COOH) TESTING PROCESS

Recipe:

• Caustic soda (NaOH) ……………….4.0% solution
• Phenolphthalein (C20H14O4) …….0.1% solution
• Hydrochloric acid (HCl) …………….3.75 gm+ 100ml water = 0.45N HCl

Testing Procedure:

1. Formic acid (10ml) and Phenolphthalein- As Indicator (3 drops) are taken in a glass flask.
2. Caustic Soda is kept pouring from burette into the flask drop by drop until the solution color turns into pink.
3. Burette reading is taken.

Calculation:
Burette reading x 10= Purity %

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (HCl) TESTING PROCESS

Recipe:

• Caustic soda (NaOH) ………………..0.4% solution
• Phenolphthalein (C20H14O4) ……..0.1% solution
• Hydrochloric acid (HCl) …………….1.0 gm + 100ml Water`

Testing Procedure:

1. Hydrochloric acid (25ml) and Phenolphthalein- As Indicator (3 drops) are taken in a glass flask.
2. Caustic Soda is kept pouring from burette into the flask drop by drop until the solution color turns into pink.
3. Burette reading is taken.

Calculation:
(BURETTE READING X 0.1N X 0.365 X 400) / HYDROCHLORIC ACID WEIGHT = %Purity

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (H₂O₂) TESTING PROCESS

Recipe:

• Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) ………………….0.12% solution
• Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4) ………………………20% solution
• Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4) ……….1.0 gm + 100ml Water

Testing Procedure:

1. Hydrogen Peroxide (50ml or 0.06gm) and Sulphuric acid (10ml or 2gm) are taken in a glass flask.
2. Potassium Permanganate is kept pouring from burette into the flask drop by drop until the solution color turns into pink.
3. Burette reading is taken.

Calculation:
[Burette Reading X 0.17 (Constant)] / Hydrogen Peroxide weight = %Purity

SODA ASH (Na₂CO₃) TESTING PROCESS

Recipe:

• Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)  …………………0.49 gm + 99.51 ml water
• Soda Ash (Na2Co3) ……………………….0.53% solution
• Methyl Orange ……………………………….0.1% solution

Testing Procedure:

1. Soda Ash (10ml) and Methyl Orange – As Indicator (3 drops) are taken in a glass flask.
2. Sulphuric Acid is kept pouring from burette into the flask drop by drop until the solution color turns into pink.
3. Burette reading is taken

Calculation:
Burette reading x 10= Purity %

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3. List of Basic Tests of Textile Fabric
4. List of Physical Testing Machines in Dyeing Lab
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6. Spinning Testing Lab Equipments, Their Specifications and Functions
7. Different Types of Testing and Approval Required for Fabric to Garment Manufacturing Process
8. List of Different Types of Garment Testing Used in RMG Industry

Mazharul Islam Kiron

Founder & Editor of Textile Learner. He is a Textile Consultant, Blogger & Entrepreneur. Mr. Kiron is working as a textile consultant in several local and international companies. He is also a contributor of Wikipedia.

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