Properties Comparison of Different Dyes
Sikander Anwer
Department in Textile Engineering
University of Management & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Email:111811016@umt.edu.pk
Introduction:
Comparison the properties of different dyes, I will consider different factors such as their mechanism, chemical structure, solubility, chargeability, substantivity, fastness properties, application methods, colour range, toxicity, environmental impact and cost. Here’s a comparison of some common types of dyes:
Comparison the Properties of Different Dyes:
Reactive Dye:
Reactive dye is a dye that can react directly with the fabric. That means that a chemical reaction happens between the dye and the molecules of the fabric, effectively making the dye a part of the fabric. Reactive dyes have good fastness properties owing to the bonding that occurs during dyeing. Reactive dyes are most commonly used in dyeing of cellulose like cotton or flax, but also wool is dyeable with reactive dyes.
REACTIVE DYE | |
| Mechanism | Covalent Bond Formation. Good Affinity for the Cellulosic Fibers. Smaller Molecule Size. |
| Structure |  |
| Solubility | Easily Soluble in Water. Good Affinity for Water. Polar Nature. |
| Chargeability | Negatively Charged. Remove Negative Charge by Adding Salts, i.e. NaCl |
| Substantivity | Good Substantivity for the Fibers. High Degree of Fixation Efficiency. pH Range: 7 – 11 |
| Fastness properties | Washing: Good Rubbing: Moderate Lightening: Good Chemical: Stable Perspiration: Good |
| Appliances | They are Applied to Cellulosic, Proteinic and Polyamide Fibers; i.e. Cotton, Wool. |
| Colour range | Gamete Range of Colors. Brighter Shades. All Colors are Achievable. |
| Environment behaviour | Non-Environmental Friendly. Carcinogenic Dye. |
| Cost | U.S: 0.5 – 1.8 $/Kg. Cheap. |
Direct Dye:
Direct dye is a dye used in a process in which dye molecules are attracted by physical forces at the molecular level to the textile. The amount of this attraction is known as “substantivity”: the higher the substantivity the greater the attraction of the dye for the fiber. So it is called substantive dye.
DIRECT DYE | |
| Mechanism | Hydrogen Bonding. Wander Wall’s Forces between Fiber Surface and Dye Molecule. Larger Molecule Size. |
| Structure |  |
| Solubility | Soluble in Water. Good Affinity. Polar Nature. |
| Chargeability | Carry Negative Charge. Discharge by Adding Salts, i.e. Na2SO4 , CuSO3 |
| Substantivity | Moderate Substantivity for the Fiber because Larger Size of Molecule. pH Range: 10 – 11 |
| Fastness properties | Washing: Weak Rubbing: Poor Lightening: Good Chemical: Poor Perspiration: Average |
| Appliances | They are Applicable on Cellulosic and Proteinic Fibers; i.e. Viscose, Silk. |
| Colour range | Large Range of Colors. Dull and Darker Shades. All Colors are Achievable. |
| Environment behaviour | Non-Environmental Friendly. Carcinogenic Dye. |
| Cost | U.S: 1.5 – 5 $/Kg Cheap |
Disperse Dye:
Disperse dyes are the only water insoluble dyes that dye polyester and acetate fibers. Disperse dye molecules are the smallest dye molecules among all dyes. A disperse dye molecule is based on an azobenzene or anthraquinone molecule with nitro, amine, hydroxyl, etc. groups attached to it.
DISPERSE DYE | |
| Mechanism | Wander Wall’s Forces. Affinity for Fibers. Attraction between Fiber Surface and the Dye Molecule. |
| Structure |  |
| Solubility | Non-Soluble in Aqueous. Non-Polar Nature. |
| Chargeability | Neutral Charge. Penetrate Because of Transition State of Synthetic Fibers. |
| Substantivity | Substantivity is Less because of Non-Polar Nature. pH Range: 4.5 – 5.5 |
| Fastness Properties | Washing: Good Lightening: Good Crocking: Good Gas Fume Fade: Average |
| Appliances | They are Applied to Synthetic Fibers; i.e. Acetate, Triacetate, Polyester, Nylon and Acrylic. |
| Colour Range | Wide Range of Colors. Bright and Lighter Shades. Major Colors: Pale Yellow and Blue. |
| Environment Behaviour | Non-Environmental Friendly. Carcinogenic Dye. |
| Cost | U.S: 2.50 – 3.00 $/Kg Cheap |
Vat Dye:
Vat dyes are an ancient class of dyes, based on the natural dye, indigo, which is now produced synthetically. Vat dyeing is a process that refers to dyeing that takes place in a bucket or vat. Most vat dyes, which require a reducing agent to solubilize them, are less suitable than fiber-reactive dyes for amateurs.
VAT DYE | |
| Mechanism | Vat Process: {Converting Water-Insoluble to a Water-Soluble}. Red ox Reaction. Reducing Agents provide Attraction for the Fibers. |
| Structure |  |
| Solubility | In-Soluble in Water. Adding Reducing Agents to become Soluble. |
| Chargeability | Negatively Charged. Alkali is Used for Removing Charge. |
| Substantivity | Substantivity is good for Cellulosic Fibers. High Fixation because of Reducing Agents. pH Range: 12 – 15 |
| Fastness Properties | Washing: Weak Lightening: Good Crocking: Poor Chemicals: Average Perspiration: Good |
| Appliances | They are Applied to Cellulosic and Proteinic Fibers; i.e. Viscose Rayon, Wool. |
| Colour Range | Large Range of Colors. Dark Shades Ability. Major Colors: Indigo, Green and Black. |
| Environment Behaviour | Non-Environmental Friendly. Cancer Causing Dye. |
| Cost | U.S: 9.9 – 13.98 $/Kg Average |
References:
- http://www.pburch.net/dyeing/remazol_black5.gif
- http://www.pburch.net/dyeing/dyeblog/C1845207367/E20070320194204/Media/MFCD00003946.GIF.jpg
- http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2002/price/disperse.gif
- http://www.tasanet.com/Files/UploadedImages/83/Images/Photo.jpg
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disperse_dye
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vat_dye
- http://www.amazon.com/Jacquard-Procion-Fiber-Reactive-black/dp/B001I117EI
- http://www.pburch.net/drupal/?q=node/561
You may also like:
- Application of Dyes According to Fiber Characteristics
- Methods of Dyeing | Different Types of Dyeing Methods
- Classification and Characteristics of Dyes | Commercial Name of Dyes
- Different Types of Dyes with Chemical Structure
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