Identification of Textile Fiber | Identification of Thermoplastic Fiber | Fibre Identification

Last Updated on 01/08/2024

Name of the Experiment:
Identification of given textile fiber sample.

Introduction:
The identification of textile fibers is a task frequently performed in a textile lab. The need to identify fibers arises in fibers research as well as during fabric production and processing. The identification of an unknown fiber in a yarn or fabric made up of a mixture of fibers is also often carried out. Identification tests are performed by utilizing tests that take advantage of the different chemical (and to some extent physical) characteristics of textile fibers.

The properties of the yarn and fabric are directly influenced by the properties of fiber from which yarn and fabric are made. There are different methods of fibre identification for characterization of the structural, physical, and chemical properties of fibers. Several methods are used to identify fibers and to differentiate them from one another. The most common methods include microscopic examination, solubility tests, heating and burning characteristics, density or specific gravity, and staining techniques. In this experiment I will discuss identification of thermoplastic and non thermoplastic textile fiber.

Objectives:

1. To know about the physical properties of textile fiber sample.
2. To know about the chemical properties of textile fiber sample.
3. To identify the type of sample fiber.

Sample_01

Visual properties:

• Color: White
• Handle: Harsh

Physical test:

Preliminary sorting test by heating:

We took small tuft of fibers hold in forceps and brought it slowly up to but not into a small non-luminous flame. Then observe the condition:

For non- thermoplastic fiber:
Bring a small tuft of fibers into a small non-luminous flame –

Chemical test:

Confirmation test:

Sample_02

Visual properties:

• Color: White
• Handle: Soft handle

Physical test:

Preliminary sorting test by heating:

We took small tuft of fibers hold in forceps and brought it slowly up to but not into a small non-luminous flame. Then observe the condition:

For non- thermoplastic fiber:
Bring a small tuft of fibers into a small non-luminous flame –

Chemical test:

Confirmation test:

Sample_03

Visual properties:

• Color: White
• Handle: Soft.

Physical test:

Preliminary sorting test by heating:

We took small tuft of fibers hold in forceps and brought it slowly up to but not into a small non-luminous flame. Then observe the condition:

For thermoplastic fiber:

Bring a small tuft of fibers into a small non-luminous flame –

Chemical test:

Confirmation test:

Sample_04

Visual properties:

• Color: Bluish white
• Handle: Soft

Physical test:

Preliminary sorting test by heating:

We took small tuft of fibers hold in forceps and brought it slowly up to but not into a small non-luminous flame. Then observe the condition:

For non- thermoplastic fiber:
Bring a small tuft of fibers into a small non-luminous flame –

Chemical test:

Confirmation test:

Conclusion:
I would like to thank our respected teacher for the important instructions. I am also grateful to our lab assistants for their kind help. This experiment helps me to know about the physical and chemical properties of textile fiber that is very important for textile testing. I think this will be very helpful in my future life.

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Mazharul Islam Kiron

Founder & Editor of Textile Learner. He is a Textile Consultant, Blogger & Entrepreneur. Mr. Kiron is working as a textile consultant in several local and international companies. He is also a contributor of Wikipedia.

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