Mechanical Properties of Textile Fibers and Materials

Last Updated on 15/02/2022

Mechanical Properties of Textile Fibers:
If we want to judge a fiber as a textile fiber, it should have some properties. Among various properties, mechanical properties are one of the most important properties of textile fibers. The mechanical properties of the fibers are important to the mechanical behavior of the fibrous structure in which they are incorporated. The mechanical properties of textile fibers include fiber strength, elongation, elasticity, abrasion resistance, modulus of elasticity, rigidity (stiffness), extensibility, thermal conductivity, static electrification etc. Fiber strength is the ability of fiber resistance to external damage, which largely determines the durability of the textile goods. Fiber strength is the absolute strength fibers to say fibers in a row it is under increasing load until fracture can bear the maximum load. Lecturer in units of its statutory Newton (N) or PCT Newton (cN). Over the past practice of using chocolate or kilograms force said.

Fiber strength with the thickness of fiber is related to the different thickness of the fiber so absolutely not comparable strength, so often used to indicate the relative strength of the fiber strength. Relative intensity is the unit linear density (per special or every once) fibers can bear the greatest tension. Legal units of measurement for the cow / special (N / tex), or determining cattle / Special (cN / tex). Over the past practice of using Chris / Dan said. The mechanical properties of textile fibers is the response to applied forces and deformation. But we should know the strength of yarn cannot be greater than the sum of the maximum strength of its component’s fibers.

Types of Mechanical Properties of Textile Fibers:
Generally there are 4 types of mechanical properties of textile fibers and materials. These are given below:

Tensile Properties
Flexural Properties
Torsional Properties
Fictional Properties

Briefly described above mechanical properties of textile fibers.

A. Tensile Properties of Textile Fibers:
Tensile properties are the behaviors shown by textile materials for applying load or tension. Tensile properties indicates how a material will react to the forces being applied in tension. Fibers usually experience tensile loads whether they are used for apparel or technical structures. Their form, which is long and fine, makes them some of the strongest materials available as well as very flexible. This book provides a concise and authoritative overview of tensile behavior of a wide range of both natural and synthetic fibers used both in textiles and high performance materials.

Important tensile properties of fibers are:

Breaking load
Tensile strength
Tenacity
Breaking extension
Initial modulus
Work of rupture
Work factor
Work recovery
Elastic recovery
Creep (temporary creep and permanent creep)

B. Flexural Properties of Textile Fibers:
Flexural properties is one of the mechanical properties of textile material. It is the property or behavior shown by the fiber or material when we bend it. The importance of flexural properties is required when we wear cloth. The flexural test measures the force required to bend a beam under three point loading conditions. The data is often used to select materials for parts that will support loads without flexing. Flexural modulus is used as an indication of a material’s stiffness when flexed.

Common flexural properties are:

Flexural rigidity
Bending recovery
Bending modulus

C. Torsional Properties of Textile Fibers:
The behaviors which are shown by a textile material when it is subjected to a torsional force is called torsional property. It is the property of fibre or material when a torsional force is applied on it. Here torsional force is a twisting force that is applied on the two ends of the material in two opposite direction.

Torsional properties are:

Torsional rigidity
Breaking twist
Shear modulus

D. Fictional Properties of Textile Fibers:
Frictional properties is due to the friction between the fibers. This properties are shown during processing. Too high friction and too low friction is not good for yarn. Therefore it is an important property when yarn manufacturing and processing.

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Mazharul Islam Kiron

Founder & Editor of Textile Learner. He is a Textile Consultant, Blogger & Entrepreneur. He is working as a textile consultant in several local and international companies. He is also a contributor of Wikipedia.