Theory:
The term colour fastness is to be considered the resistance of a given colouration to physical or chemical influences during manufacturing, processing, storing, application, or aging. Colour changes during such periods, however, are of prime importance for acceptance, quality, profitability, and conventional working life of a coloured product. A high color fastness is necessary during manufacturing or processing because of the presence of the prevailing temperatures, IR radiation, pressures, shear rates, and processing auxiliaries.
Colour fastness to water is designed to measure the resistance to water of dyed, printed, or otherwise coloured textile yarns and fabrics. The test method by which this test is carried out is AATCC 107-1991 or ISO 105 E01. This method is to assess the degree of cross staining which may occur when garments are left in contact when damp. The test measures the resistance to water of any coloured textiles. The sample under test, in contact with a piece of multifibre strip, is thoroughly wetted in water of composition specified by ISO 105 E01 then, after removing excess water it is mounted in a special holding device at a certain pressure. The device is then placed in an oven at 37°C for 4 hours, after which time the sample and multifibre strip are removed and dried separately and the grey scale ratings for change in colour of the sample and staining of the fibres of the multifibre strip determined. Distilled water is used in these tests because the composition of tap water is variable.
Apparatus:
- Perspiration Tester
- Oven
- Multi fibre fabric
- Grey scale
- Colour matching cabinet
- Glass plate or Acrylic resin plates
- Weight 12.5 kPa or 5kg pressure
- Glass beaker
- Stirring rod
Multi-fibre fabric:
Multifibre fabric is used to assess colour transfer in colour fastness testing. Fabric to be assessed will be 100 mm (4 inch) wide, with warp stripes of 6 fibres as shown below. Fabrics are usually available in 10 meter rolls or as cold cut pieces with pinked edges. Filling stripes’ measurements are as follows: 10 cm (4 inches), repeat 45 inches width × 1 yard. There are different types of multifibre adjacent fabric that can be used based on the testing standard to be adopted. The multi-fibre fabric used for ISO standard test is as follows:
- Acetate
- Bleached cotton
- Spun nylon 6.6
- Spun polyester (Dacron 54)
- Spun acrylic (Dralon)
- Worsted wool
Reagent:
Distilled water or de-ionized water is used in this test method because natural (tap) water is variable in composition.
Sample Preparation:
Cut the specimen and multi-fibre at 10×4cm and sewn together. This is the composite test sample.
Working Procedure of Colour Fastness to Water:
Wet in distilled water at room temperature and it will suck water.
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Place it in acrylic resin plates and put the weight on to the plates.
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Keep it in oven and keep the temperature at 37±2°C for 4hrs.
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Open the specimen and dry it in the air hot exceeding 60°C.
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Change in colour is assessed with the help of Grey Scale.
You may also like:
- Different Types of Colour Fastness Test | Factors Affecting Colour Fastness
- Colour Fastness to Washing Procedure (ISO 105 C06)
- Various Fastness Methods Given to the Dyed Material
- How to Determine colour Fastness to Wash
- Light Fastness of Textiles: Factors Affecting and Control Measures
- Colour Fastness to Laundering Test
- Factors Affecting the Rubbing Fastness of Textile Materials
- Color Fastness to Sea Water (ISO 105 E02)
Founder & Editor of Textile Learner. He is a Textile Consultant, Blogger & Entrepreneur. Mr. Kiron is working as a textile consultant in several local and international companies. He is also a contributor of Wikipedia.
